Using an Advertising Agency for British Airways :: Business Management Studies

Publicists (BA, for example, the customer of an organization and offices for model media-purchasing just as promoting specialist co-op survey their strategies for compensation for various reasons:  · Advertisers, for example, BA need to be certain they are getting an incentive for their cash †this implies at the end of the day that BA needs to be certain that the administration that they need to advances gets most ideal administrations without the office charging them over costly bills.  · Agencies and media purchasing administrations need to be beneficial so they stay practical †for an organization their primary wellspring of pay is from giving ad benefits that business can buy. By taking a gander at the customers perspective and the organizations there is a clear underline that now and again these two above issues can prompt contradictions, yet this can be stayed away from through haggling before any work is done by the offices like for instance arranging installments, administrations and so forth. Focal points One of the fundamental points of interest of an office would be that some office would execute and build up a whole limited time battle without any preparation to finish, the office does this through relating the customers (BA) needs with the advancement battle of the administration of BA this empowers the customer to be guaranteed that its needs are met. An office additionally takes a decent piece of creating and arranging media so that the customers (BA) limited time crusade of their administrations gets most extreme correspondence viability, this implies at the end of the day that an office would put forth a valiant effort to advance the customers administration promotion to get attention to BA’s target crowds.  · Once the media plan is set up, the publicist, for example, for this situation BA realizes what they will be paying their office and the organization knows what it will get.  · Putting pressure on an office to keep its expenses sensibly is the best strategy for ensuring that the office loses it with the customers cash to promote.  · An organization offers to its customers inventiveness this implies better approaches for taking a gander at promoting this could help in light of the fact that an organization like BA after such a large number of long periods of publicizing could free its promoting bid, this is the place publicizing organizations are a key supporter since they offer endless innovativeness.  · An organization adds to an organization new and creative plans to help them to get their advancement battle a powerful edge to pull in clients.  · The benefits of utilizing and organization would be the conviction of getting data, for example, statistical surveying for BA’s administrations to push them to advantage from, this implies at the end of the day after the commitment of the

St. Valentines Day Massacre

St. Valentines Day Massacre Around 10:30 a.m. on St. Valentines Day, February 14, 1929, seven individuals from Bugs Morans pack were gunned down without blinking in a carport in Chicago. The slaughter, coordinated by Al Capone, stunned the country by its mercilessness. The St. Valentines Day Massacre remains the most infamous criminal killing of the Prohibition time. The slaughter made Al Capone a national big name, yet it likewise presented to Capone, the undesirable consideration of the central government. The Dead Plain Gusenberg, Pete Gusenberg, John May, Albert Weinshank, James Clark, Adam Heyer, and Dr. Reinhart Schwimmer Opponent Gangs: Capone versus Moran During the Prohibition period, criminals controlled a large number of the huge urban communities, getting rich from possessing speakeasies, bottling works, houses of ill-repute, and betting joints. These criminals would cut up a city between rival groups, pay off nearby authorities, and become neighborhood superstars. By the late 1920s, Chicago was part between two adversary groups: one drove by Al Capone and the other by George Bugs Moran. Capone and Moran competed for influence, renown, and cash; furthermore, both went after for quite a long time to kill one another. In mid 1929, Al Capone was living in Miami with his family (to get away from Chicagos ruthless winter) when his partner Jack Machine Gun McGurn visited him. McGurn, who had as of late endure a death endeavor requested by Moran, needed to talk about the progressing issue of Morans pack. While trying to dispose of the Moran posse altogether, Capone consented to finance a death endeavor, and McGurn was set responsible for arranging it. The Plan McGurn arranged cautiously. He found the Moran packs central command, which was in an enormous carport behind the workplaces of S.M.C. Cartage Company at 2122 North Clark Street. He chose shooters from outside the Chicago region, to guarantee that if there were any survivors, they would not have the option to perceive the executioners as a feature of Capones posse. McGurn employed posts and set them up in a condo close to the carport. Additionally fundamental to the arrangement, McGurn procured a taken squad car and two police garbs. Setting Up Moran With the arrangement sorted out and the executioners recruited, the time had come to set the snare. McGurn trained a neighborhood alcohol robber to contact Moran on February 13. The ruffian was to disclose to Moran that he had gotten a shipment of Old Log Cabin bourbon (for example generally excellent alcohol) that he was eager to sell at the entirely sensible cost of $57 per case. Moran immediately concurred and advised the criminal to meet him at the carport at 10:30 the next morning. The Ruse Worked On the morning of February 14, 1929, the posts (Harry and Phil Keywell) were observing cautiously as the Moran pack amassed at the carport. Around 10:30 a.m., the posts perceived a man going to the carport as Bugs Moran. The posts told the shooters, who at that point moved into the taken squad car. At the point when the taken squad car arrived at the carport, the four shooters (Fred Killer Burke, John Scalise, Albert Anselmi, and Joseph Lolordo) leaped out. (A few reports state there were five shooters.) Two of the shooters were wearing police outfits. When the shooters raced into the carport, the seven men inside observed the outfits and thought it was a normal police strike. Proceeding to accept the shooters to be cops, every one of the seven men calmly did as they were told. They arranged, confronted the divider, and permitted the shooters to expel their weapons. Started shooting With Machine Guns The shooters at that point started shooting, utilizing two Tommy firearms, a sawed-off shotgun, and a .45. The slaughtering was quick and grisly. Every one of the seven casualties got at any rate 15 slugs, for the most part in the head and middle. The shooters at that point left the carport. As they left, neighbors who had heard the rodent tat-tat of the submachine firearm, peered out their windows and saw two (or three, contingent upon reports) cops strolling behind two men wearing regular citizen garments with their hands up. The neighbors accepted that the police had organized a strike and were capturing two men. After the slaughter had been found, many kept on accepting for a little while that the police were capable. Moran Escaped Harm Six of the casualties passed on in the carport; Frank Gusenberg was taken to a medical clinic yet kicked the bucket three hours after the fact, declining to name who was mindful. In spite of the fact that the arrangement had been painstakingly made, one significant issue happened. The man that the posts had distinguished as Moran was Albert Weinshank.â Bugs Moran, the primary objective for the death, was showing up several minutes late to the 10:30 a.m. meeting when he saw a squad car outside the carport. Thinking it was a police strike, Moran avoided the structure, unwittingly sparing his life. The Blonde Alibi The slaughter that took seven lives that St. Valentines Day in 1929 stood out as truly newsworthy the nation over. The nation was stunned at the mercilessness of the killings. Police attempted urgently to figure out who was mindful. Al Capone had an impenetrable plausible excuse since he had been brought in for a cross-examination by the Dade County specialist in Miami during the hour of the slaughter. Assault rifle McGurn had what became called a blondie plausible excuse he had been at an inn with his blonde sweetheart from 9 p.m. on February 13 through 3 p.m. on February 14.â Fred Burke (one of the shooters) was captured by police in March 1931 yet was accused of the December 1929 homicide of a cop and condemned to life in jail for that wrongdoing. The Aftermath of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre This was one of the main significant violations that the study of ballistics was utilized; in any case, nobody was ever attempted or sentenced for the homicides of the St. Valentines Day Massacre. In spite of the fact that the police never had enough proof to convict Al Capone, people in general realized he was capable. Notwithstanding making Capone a national VIP, the St. Valentines Day Massacre carried Capone to the consideration of the central government. At last, Capone was captured for tax avoidance in 1931 and sent to Alcatraz. With Capone in prison, Machine Gun McGurn was left uncovered. On February 15, 1936, about seven years to the day of the St. Valentines Day Massacre, McGurn was gunned down at a bowling alley. Bugs Moran was very shaken from the whole occurrence. He remained in Chicago until the finish of Prohibition and afterward was captured in 1946 for some little league bank thefts. He passed on in jail from lung malignancy.

How to Modify the Writing Style

How to Modify the Writing StyleThe first thing that you should know is that the undergraduate essay writing is actually an easy task. There are certain techniques that will help you in completing your undergraduate writing.Writing the composition can help you create a great college essay. Students who are unable to write a good essay on their own might need a bit of help from their teachers, as well as from the university's academic advisors. It is these individuals who can guide the students through their college course in order to make sure that they will be able to finish their courses.The thesis statement is the first part of your thesis. In fact, there are some people who find it difficult to write their thesis statement. Students who can't write the thesis statement will definitely need some assistance from a teacher or their school's academic advisor. Therefore, if you want to write the thesis statement, you should consider all the guidelines and you will be able to write it w ithout much difficulty.The second thing that you should consider when you are writing an undergraduate essay is the introduction. The introduction has a huge role in the composition of your thesis statement. It is this that helps you to introduce your work to the reader. So, if you want to write an introduction, you should make sure that you will include some points that would be helpful for the readers and the people who will read your thesis statement.The third thing that you should consider is the summary. Your summary is the part of your thesis statement that gives the readers some important information about your work. Therefore, it is very important for you to be able to summarize your work.Lastly, you should consider the conclusion. In a thesis statement, the conclusion serves as the concluding part. You should be able to write this part in such a way that it would be a complete and detailed statement. You should be able to make it brief and very relevant.The best thing about writing an essay is that you can modify it as per the need of the situation. This is how you will be able to add some fresh ideas and concepts to the thesis statement. If you want to modify it, you should always keep in mind that you should include some new ideas.When you modify the composition of your essay, you will also be able to improve your skills. Therefore, always consider the following tips when you are writing an undergraduate essay.

zionism- Greenberg :: essays research papers

               Response to Myth and Metaphor It isn't unessential nor is it reasonable for react to the delusion of silly quibbling that simply baffled the last half hour of my day without referencing the more than evident predispositions of the journalists engaged with their separate fields. Harold Fisch, a teacher of English Literature at Leeds University and not long after at Bar-Ilan University, composes a point by point examination of what he alludes to as the Myth and Metaphor of the different ways to deal with Zionism in his book titled The Zionist Revolution. In this examination Fisch endeavors to stall a few ways to deal with the legend and illustration of Zionism to give the peruser a feeling of more extensive information and an inclination that the field is commonly canvassed in this article. He unavoidably presents forward the supposition that he holds of most elevated respect last and most clearly, because of his abstract nature, third in line after those of Aaron David Gordon and HaRav Avraham Yizchak Hakohen Kook individually.      The issue with Fisch’s investigation of Gordon and his similitude of Zionism is that the entries that he chose to cite don't at all limit themselves to the critique he routed to them. In this chose entry Gordon talks about; â€Å"a living creature which plays out its different capacities naturally†¦..our common soil from which we have been uprooted†¦..The heart of our kin is here†¦for here is the origin of our life†¦..Here something is starting to flower†¦Here is the power pulling in all the dissipated cells of the individuals to join into one living national organism†(pg. 56).      Fisch’s lost case comes legitimately following this statement when he asserts that Gordon wants â€Å"a sort of new religion to supplant the old religion of Judaism†. Fisch proceeds on the accompanying page and cases that the religion he talks about is â€Å"one unmistakable from that of the Law and the prophets. From the scriptural perspective we may state that we have here a resurgence of something like the love of the Bealim, the lords of the earth†. From the entry introduced by Fisch we don’t see any such presence. Gordon, as Rav Kook, and numerous different counterparts in this field, is dedicated to the standards of rebuilding to our foundations and the â€Å"mystical† future that the Holy Land holds for its kin when they will come back to her. This idea is especially a piece of the Jewish religion and can be found in the surely understand section â€Å"Return to me and I will come back to you†, alluding to G-d’s g uarantee to his kin that he will come back to them once they step up and come back to him.

Maximization of Shareholder Wealth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Amplification of Shareholder Wealth - Assignment Example The moral standards then again are introduced by most messages on business morals to work freely and typically as opposed to the money related targets like boosting the estimation of basic stock. This is clear in many partnerships where there exists a strain between the moral and the budgetary beliefs. For example, Halbert and Ingulli (1990) feature the uniqueness among morals and boost of investor riches by the depiction of an investigation, which required around 2,000 MBA understudies. Starting as relative optimists, they revealed the craving of making quality merchandise and ventures, to have the option to serve the clients and simultaneously offer back to the nearby networks they had a place. By the graduation time, they were fairly much situated to augmenting the shareholders’ values. This divergence is likewise seen as the contention of ways of thinking, which is there between any genuine treatment of morals and riches amplifying. Expansion of investor riches is systems, which will guarantee most noteworthy potential returns. This may even include the systems of laying off a portion of the organization’s workers to accomplish this. A few exercises, which a re useful for the general public, may bargain the methodology and might be overlooked in this procedure. The client and nature may likewise not be considered in this procedure that much since; the client may not be totally alright with the

Dominion Energy Research Paper - 550 Words

Dominion Energy (Research Paper Sample) Content: Dominion EnergyName of the InstitutionStudent NameDateIntroductionDominion Energy Company is among the largest electric power and natural gas producing companies, serving more than six million utility and retail energy customers in over 20 states. The performance of this company is built on a commitment to serving the public, innovation and involvement in community development projects. Apart from striving for the sustainable energy production, this company is dedicated to investing in regions where it is constructed, hence creating development to the society. This company embraces responsible stewardship that contains environmental, safety, health, community, quality assurance, and Governance policies.Environmental PoliciesDominion Energy Company is committed to providing services to the customers in a clean environment. The company has a proficient track record in regard to the environmental management in areas such as protection of biodiversity, air and water qual ity, reduction of wastes and energy conservations. It means that the company does all that is possible to reduce environmental footprints in their operations. Besides, customers demand affordable and reliable energy to enhance the performance of most of the energy consuming activities that they may need (Wilson et al., 2003). It is one of the major concerns in the modern world since human beings count on the availability of clean and reliable energy 24/7. Dominion continues to thrive in developing balanced environmental concerns through intensive investments in the clean energy research and innovation.Safety PoliciesAt Dominion Energy Company, safety is a primary concern at the workplace and the community. It is mandatory for the employees to be in the safety gears such as the reflection jackets, helmets, and the safety boots. This clothing is necessary since some of the work done in the field is hazardous. It prevents incidences of dangers thus ensuring that the employees remain a ctive and sound. Qualified experts carry every technical operation in the Dominion Energy Company (Wilson et al., 2003). Diagnosis and operation of machine elements involve caution to prevent losses to the company. With zero injuries and illnesses to employees, it enhances multiplication of the working morale. Subsequently, the company boost of numerous revenues.Community PoliciesDominion Energy Company engages in the community practices through a financial boost in their projects, thus contributing to development. The surrounding community normally has the priority in case of emerging opportunities in the company. Moreover, the company creates awareness to the community on modernization through education and social strategies.Governance PoliciesGood governance is pivotal to the success and sustainability of Dominion Energy Company. It creates an identity of competence and trustworthiness based on the resources that are dispensed to their care. In addition, this attribute is an indi cation of maintaining a rigorous culture of liability. Good governance protects the rights of stakeholders by being responsive to their claims. Protection of shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ interests ensures that they remain active in the deve...

International Monetary Fund And The European Union Has...

With Greece struggling under the weight of the country’s worst economic recession in recent history, the economic, political, and social environment of both the native and immigrant people has changed dramatically, with employment and income rapidly shrinking, and competition within the two groups increasing. This has resulted in lower wages, a contracting labor market, and fewer regularized immigrants; all of which drawing attention to immigration as a growing threat to the cohesion of modern Greek society. Greece is currently undergoing a considerable hindrance regarding the economic recession. Huge public debt and the government s decision to borrow from the International Monetary Fund and the European Union has changed the†¦show more content†¦As a result, Greece has received the highest percentage of immigrants in relation to its workforce in the 1990s. This is true despite it being one of the less-developed nations in Europe at that time. By 2001, Greece had an immigrant population of just over 762,000. Greece s geography became especially important after the formation of Europe s borderless Schengen Area. It has also contributed to the country s transition to an immigrant-receiving nation. Greece has become a common route for those seeking entry into Europe, with its favorable position, extensive coastlines, and crossable borders. economic recession-natives: The economic crisis in Greece began through government policies that promoted overspending, while relying extensive ly on external loans to finance it. This issue was increased when Greece entered the European Monetary Union, therefore making the cost of borrowing very favorable. For the past decade, Greece could borrow money with interest rates close to those afforded by much more advanced economies. As a result, the national debt grew exponentially until Greece could not borrow any more money. The Greek government asked the European Union for assistance in 2009, and soon afterward the European partners, along with the IMF, agreed to a series of loans and debt reductions for more sustainable debt levels for Greece. As a condition for this aid, they requested the

Personal Statement On Self Management - 930 Words

1/ First score Second Score 48 53 1. Accepting personal responsibility 64 70 2. Discovering self-motivation 40 52 3. Mastering self-management 50 58 4. Employing self-management 52 52 5. Gaining self-awareness 61 63 6. Adopting lifelong learning 60 60 7. Developing emotional intelligence 68 68 8. Believing in myself 2/ After doing the self-assessment chart again, I have realized that I have had a significant change since the beginning of this course, especially in self-management and self-motivation areas. I believe when I wrote down my personal affirmation, and then kept repeating it over and over; it has already aimed my thoughts to the positive way. Moreover, I also strengthened my personal qualities needed to achieve my goals and dreams such as confidence and self-discipline. As a result of that, my new thought is created along with changed my outcomes as well as experiences for the better way. For example, by telling myself I’m a confident person, now I usually raise my hand whenever I know the answer as well as try my best to contribute more in class. Even more, I also meet my professor after class to discuss more the lecture in order to help me deeply understand it. Another ability that I help me a lot during this class is self-management. This also became one of my motivation fac tors in studying college and after graduate. I have learned how I can get all my tasksShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Self Management1773 Words   |  8 Pages Self-Management Strength: Self-management requires one to be able to accomplish one’s goals and is responsible for one’s own behavior and well-being. Self-management skill is not only important for oneself, but it can affect one’s surroundings: organization and people. A manager should possess an understanding of ethical issues, have strong work ethic, have high tolerance for ambiguity, and express responsibility toward commitments. I find that self-management is closely tied with self-empowermentRead MorePersonal Statement On Self Management Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are active community members and life-long learners. Self-management is taking responsibility for one’s behavior and being able to discipline one’s action in the classroom. I believe the instructor should teach and model self-management at the same time that they teach and model the procedures and practices in a classroom. This teaching and modeling include the reasons behind the practices and continues until the student self-management and class procedures become routine. Attaining students’Read MorePersonal Statement On Self Management1573 Words   |  7 Pagescarried out by making the patients and families feel comfortable warm welcoming when it comes to making decisions in the healthcare setting. I will help them understand to their level of comprehension by involving them in activities related to self management in their health and care. By being there to assist the patient and family during the time of health support will help decrease fear and anxiety of the unknown when health is on the line, providing emo tional support and physical comfort is veryRead MorePersonal Statement : Self Management883 Words   |  4 PagesThe area of personal effectiveness I selected was self-management. In specific, I pick managing yourself for accomplishment because I have been experiencing high levels of stress in this term for the large amount of homework and tests from the five classes I am taking. The three strategies that caught my attention were: focus first on high priority items, focus on one thing at the time, and do it when you think of it. For a period of two weeks, I applied those strategies to my daily life hoping thatRead MoreLsi Paper1065 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment Guidelines Developing a willingness and ability to engage in self-reflection is a critical leadership skill that is not easily learned yet which reaps many rewards. The LSI enables you to examine your own unique way of thinking and how it influences your behavior. Your Assignment: Complete (on your own) the LSI according to the procedure outlined here, so that you end up with your Life Styles Circumplex profile: 12 personal thinking style scores, one score for each section of the circumplexRead More5 Written Assignment 5 Unit 5001V1 Revision 11020 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Chartered Management Institute Approved Centre Level 5 Extended Diploma in Management and Leadership Written Assessment – 5 Unit 5001V1 Instruction Sheet Assignment: Unit 5001V1 – Personal development as a manager and leader Level: 5 Lecturer: Ian Laing Date of Issue: 13th May 2015 Date Due In: 26th June 2015 Format: Word Document submitted to: ianlaing@ihlassociates.karoo.co.uk Read More The Necessity of Personal Responsibility Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal responsibility may be perceived in many ways, but it is imperative to understand the relevance of why it must begin with our self. First, one will never develop an attitude of responsibility if they always look for others to complete their task. It is a necessity that one has personal discipline or their efforts to be responsible will prove to be fruitless. Second, being responsible yields great rewards and acting responsible is a clear sign of maturity. A responsible individual looksRead MoreList The Three Prescriptions That Serve As The Foundation For Development Of Relationship Strategy1183 Words   |  5 Pagesselling process? List the four groups of people with whom sales personal must be able to work effectively. In a consultative sale, building a relationship is important to create identification with one on one communication with the customer to keep the customer feeling confident and safe with the salesperson. A satisfied customer always comes back. 1) Customers 2) Secondary decision makers 3) Company support staff 4) Management personnel 3. Why is partnering described as the highest-qualityRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Innovation1290 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership: A Personal Philosophy To embrace the person that you are, in a time and place where everyone seems to be telling you that you should be everything but the person that you are, is a daunting but worthwhile challenge. I believe that it is in the acceptance of our true selves, imperfections and all, that we gain the ability to view others through a lens colored with compassion and acceptance. It is then that we can become a leader who is self-aware and emotionally competent. Personal PhilosophyRead MoreThe Field Of Nonprofit Management810 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy in the field of nonprofit management focuses on the development of leadership skills for nonprofit managers and provides education in areas such as general operations, human resources, strategies, and fund development (Nachmias, 2008). Students of nonprofit management also develop proficiency in other matters such as nonprofit legal issues, organizational development, donor relations, financial management and fund-raising, volunteer, and human resource management, and pro-gram evaluation, to name

Indigenous Religions Native American Indians Essay

Around the world, many indigenous religions exist and share their beliefs and culture with other individuals around them. Indigenous religions are unique because in the world today, a lot of people can go back in history and reveal that they came from indigenous people. When examining indigenous religions, there are a variety of cultures within this religion, but specifically looking at the Native American Indian tribes, there were many ways they practiced their culture in order to serve a purpose. In the 19th century, indigenous religions such as the Plain Indians or Native American Indians practiced a religious ceremony every year called the Sun Dance. Specific tribes that participated in this ritual included the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Sioux, Plains Cree, Plains Ojibway (Chippewa), Ponca, Ute, Shoshone, Kiowa, and Blackfoot. Even though these tribes practiced the same rituals, the way they approached the ceremony varied. When the Sun Dance was first introduced, the origin was unknown, but it still offered these tribes a way of rebirth and renewal within their lives. In the 1900’s the Sun Dance was banned for a short time because it was considered â€Å"superstitious rather than religious† and as a part of the ceremony the tribes would inflict self-torture and that was considered morbid. Eventually, in the mid-20th century (1930), it was no longer banned, and these tribes could continue their ceremony every year. From the 19th century to today, the Sun Dance Ce remony is stillShow MoreRelatedReligion in Latin America; the Age of Discovery and Conquest (1492-1597)1058 Words   |  5 PagesReligion played a big role in shaping the values, attitudes, and conduct of the Spanish during the Age of Discovery and Conquest (1492-1579). The colonial church provided control and a standard of conduct and living for the new world. In fact, the colonial church had even more power in Spanish America then it did in Spain. Why this is important though, is because it limited the possibility of rebellion and opposition. As long as the church was in place, there was Spanish order, and as long as thereRead MoreDifferences Between New England And Spanish Colonies951 Words   |  4 Pagesof the treatment of indigenous people, and there were some immense similarities between the two colonies in terms of the role of religion in their society and the economic bases. Between the New England colonies and the Spanish colonies existed an utmost difference in the way they treated the indigenous people their areas in Colonial America. Admittedly, there was a similarity in terms of how they interacted with the Native Americans. The Spanish wanted to convert the Native peoples to ChristianityRead MoreThe Arrival Of The Spanish And Portuguese1332 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated. Was it a pleasant encounter, or an attack on the native peoples’ way of life? The truth is that the Portuguese and Spanish had a dramatic negative impact on the lives of Native Americans. Their harsh attempts to Christianize the Americas changed the Native Americans forever. The Spanish empire gained control of much of the Americas and sent Spanish colonists there to enlist the help of encomiendas, or Native American laborers. The natives had to be profitable to the Spanish in the eyes of theRead MoreConsequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples1205 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat wealth, new materials and crops, new source of labor, and new land for the European nations. The consequences for the native people of the Americas were much worse with devastating death tolls, enslavement, new diseases and racist attitudes towards them. Though it would not be fair to say that the Europeans did not share in negative consequences or that the indigenous people did not gain any advantages. The greatest negative consequences for the Europeans due to the European expansion areRead MoreRelationship Between Europeans And American Indians1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe relationship between Europeans and American Indians. How did these groups eventually adapt to each other? Confine your answer to pre Columbian society to 1607. At the beginning of this time period, European settlers were attracted to the Americas in hopes of gaining land and spreading Christianity. Initially, the settlers established a friendly relationship with the natives, relying on them to learn skills like farming, hunting, and fishing, while the Indians traded with the Europeans for advancedRead MoreThe Jesuit Missionaries and Disease in Native American Society1388 Words   |  6 PagesThere is data to suggest that around the beginning of the 16th Century, there were approximately 18 million Native Americans living in North America. By 1900 the population of the Indigenous peoples had declined to about 250,000. 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Lethal Encounters Englishmen and Indians in Colonial Virginia by Alfred Cave is a book that extensively describe Britain’s and Spain’s initial colonization of America. The book mainly focuses on the facts and primary entries of Native Americans and pioneers, and their initial thoughts thoughts about each other. Albert Caves book, Letha l Encounters Englishmen and Indians in Colonial Virginia, discussed many issues between those indigenous to America and the pioneers, including; racismRead MoreEssay on Ethnicity and Latin America1140 Words   |  5 PagesEthnicity and Latin America Latin America and the American colonies were â€Å"tamed† based on completely different ideologies. From a Latin American perspective, the most important of the European explorers were of course, the Spanish and the Portuguese. These explorers arrived in Christopher Columbus’ â€Å"new world† with the express goal of bringing glory and prestige to their homeland. In stark contrast, settlers came to the colonies seeking freedom from the religious persecution in Europe. TheRead MoreInjustices to Native Americans Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesgood Indians are dead Indians, but I believe nine out of every ten are, and I shouldnt like to inquire too closely into the case of the tenth.† Though this was over 250 years after Jamestown and almost four decades after the Trail of Tears Teddy Roosevelt’s attitude toward Native Americans in the late 19th Century seems to have changed little from many of those men and women who first colonized America. After hu ndreds of years of violence, discrimination and forced assimilation the Native American

Benefits And Compensation Package Of Medtronic - 910 Words

Introduction The assessment of the case study will analyze the benefits and compensation package of Medtronic. The validation of concerns will consider the importance of different employee demographics within the organization. Determination of issues that are most prominent based on the qualitative data. Key issues will also be identified based on employee satisfaction of the compensation package. The analysis will also include an external benchmarking of data from other companies within the industry. Critical Elements A. Demographics play a vital role for benefits and compensation packages, as everyone at different circumstances require certain types of benefits. Recent college graduates and those whom make minimum wage would not take into account, signing up for certain benefits. Previously, the younger generation would be cash strapped to repay their student loans, electing not to opt-in for medical benefits, 401(k), etc. However, Millennials are taking a new facet approach to benefits. According to a 2013 Kaiser Foundation survey, seven in ten Millennials rate having health insurance as very important and worth the money (Howe, 2014). Another aspect of employee benefits are those whom are near retirement and participate in a 401(k), working mothers who may need assistance with childcare and/or paternity leave, and adoption assistance. The Baby Boomer generation is coming out of retirement and going back into the workforce, whether it be on a part-time basis. They haveShow MoreRelatedFinancial, Procedural, And Legal Constraints Regarding Medtronic s Compensation And Benefits Package880 Words   |  4 Pagespotential financial, procedural, and legal constraints regarding Medtronic’s compensation and benefits package. 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Eli Lillys chief auditor said that the proposed rule would substantially increase costs while doing nothing toRead MoreThe Boeing Company 2007 Annual Report61846 Words   |  248 Pagesand services are projected to increase. Our success depends on providing our customers with the right products and services and being viewed as a collaborative partner working to meet growing aspirations regarding skills, technology and economic benefit. The 787 business model, in which our partners in the U.S. and around the world design and build significant portions of the airplane, is a prototype for the future. On the technology front, we are working aggressively with the world’s leadingRead MoreChapter Practice13676 Words   |  55 Pagesdiscourage illegal immigration. C. to take advantage of the lower tax rates in Mexico. D. to take advantage of the low cost of labor. 24. The sale of Boeings commercial aircraft and Microsofts operating systems in many countries enable these companies to beneï ¬ t from A. higher prices in their domestic markets. B. economies of scale. C. optimizing the location for many activities in their value chain. D. reducing their exposure to currency risks. 25. In Michael Porters framework all of the following factorsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesthat because of today’s brutally competitive customer markets, these total (i.e., hard assets as well as soft assets) capacities are the competitive strengths through which pacesetters bring together the kinds of customer product and services value packages whose sale creates the kind of business-building, full-satisfaction customer experience that develops loyalty and repeat business. This integration of total capacities is the key to sustaining profitability today. 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“Sorry About That Shit Man. That’S Why I Don’T Like Bringing

â€Å"Sorry about that shit man. That’s why I don’t like bringing friends over here ever; my brother just does whatever he wants at the house since my dad died. My mama can’t control him.† His comment hit me like a brick had just been thrown at my face. I had known Jarrell for almost three full years of middle school now and he had never mentioned his dad dying to me, or that he didn’t like his life at home. â€Å"Wow man, I’m sorry. I- I- didn’t even know your dad passed.† I remarked genuinely, thinking about how much having a deceased father at such a young age would affect me. â€Å"It’s all good. Wasn’t like he was here much when he was still alive. He was a junkie.† Jarrell responded, allowing me more information on his personal life now than†¦show more content†¦We were badly beaten by the older kids, both bloodied and bruised immensely. The kids stood over top of us, throwing kicks and punche s our way, only stopping because a woman screamed out that she was calling the cops, to which they all ran away after hearing. The lady walked over to Jarrell and I and helped us up and took us back to Jarrell’s home where his mother attended to us. â€Å"I can’t believe he did this to you poor boys. I don’t know what I’m going to say to your mother, Matt, I am so sorry. Mikey is the devil! I can’t believe he let them do this to you! His own brother! Jarrell, I want you to promise my baby, please promise me, you will never be like Mikey.† Jarrell’s mom cried out to Jarrell, looking at him with a glimpse of hope that he could still bring some joy to her life after losing her husband and not being able to control her eldest son. â€Å"I promise mom. I never want to be like that piece of shit.† Jarrell responded, icing his wounds with just a sheer look of utter disappointment and anger controlling his face. When I returned home th at evening my mom was outraged. I tried to lie and make up a story, but I had too many bruises for them to be from anything other than a fight. Besides, Jarrell’s mom ended up calling my mom and telling her what had happened. My mom forbid me to ever hang out with Jarrell again, telling me he was a â€Å"bad influence† andShow MoreRelatedShort Story1521 Words   |  7 PagesSeattle over there?† I asked, feeling a bit intimidated with this man’s presence. Just one look at the deep lines in his face told volumes about his rugged life, a man who knew the full depth of both pain and sorrow, and yet a man whose veins the spirit of God ran through day and night. â€Å"That’s him, Buddy, and he hasn’t moved away from that table since he came back. Just sits there looking out into space,† Sam remarked. â€Å"What’s his problem?† I asked â€Å"Ah, he’s bummed out.† â€Å"About what, Sam?† â€Å"ThatRead MoreThe Death Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1278 Words   |  6 Pagesreinforcements. He could rob one of the local gun stores. That would surely hit two birds with one stone, allowing him to arm himself to the teeth while simultaneously letting Michael know where to find him. Naw, won’t work, Evan thought. As soon as I set those alarms off, I’ll have not only Michael to deal with but at least a hundred troopers as well who will be looking for payback. Evan checked the time, just past four. Daylight wasn’t far from making its presence known, and with it willRead MoreCreative Writing : The Story Of The King 1991 Words   |  8 Pages And so he shows Sendak, who barely flicks through it all before bringing his fingers to his temples, massaging them roughly. Squints at Lance with those dead, festering eyes. (He is not rewarded.) ** In all my years of teaching, McClain, this is the worst thing Ive seen by far. ** (McClain, what is the meaning of this? his teacher demands with a part-angered, part-mocking sardonic lilt in his voice, and Lance feels his heart sink all the way to the ground, heavy as though theres a brickRead MoreFreshness is Greatness1872 Words   |  7 Pagesof a slogan is that? It sounds like we’re doing a toothpaste commercial. It’s hard to believe we’re actually trying to sell soda. But the boss seems to like it and ask me and you don’t build a 200 million dollar empire by selling cheap so he should know. Maybe it’s me; maybe I’m the fool who can’t see the greatness in freshness! Fuck it anyway, where the hell am I? Who could have thought Stanley Park was this big. There’s a kid over there, maybe I could ask him about the way out. He looks a bit suspiciousRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Fuck 1666 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing to kill me when she finds out about the car.’ I peered over to where the voice was coming from. I spotted a middle-aged man rubbing at a scratch on his car, but it wouldn’t go away. I clicked my tongue and decided to enter another strangers mind, wanting something more interesting than a damaged paint job. ‘Oh, God. Is it two pm yet? Why does he keep going on about his cat, can’t he tell I’m bored out of my mind? It’s alright, if I continue to nod and seem like I’m interested then this won’tRead MoreAlternate Universe in the Lost Treasure Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pageshappiness at the end of a bottle, this was not one of those bars. This was a bar where you could always find a good friend in the form of the easy going bartender and owner of the small pub. No one really knows where this man came from, he seemed to have come out of nowhere bringing alcohol and happiness to the customers. He was always there to give a mug of beer and good atmosphere making the bar visitors feel just at home, however if you started trouble he used the feared â€Å"bartender Hell strength†Read MoreAnalysis : Moonlight Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pages1 Moonlight cast a shadow over the girl as she crept along the arid desert turf. Her body was thin and sun stained, as she looked like a woman cut from the stake. Un-kempt hair hung dry and damaged from beneath her hat. It’s brim shaded a hollow gaze and eyes drained of lively color. They held far too much for a girl of twenty five. Within them were memories of the tree they would walk to, who’s leaves basked in southern warmth, and who s limbs were lush and weighed down with the fruits of theRead MoreThe Secret Is Using The Best9014 Words   |  37 Pagesit with the world.† Leona felt the heat cover her face from his touch. â€Å"You always say that.† â€Å"You know, I could get you a couple of auditions. I know some people now.† She sat back and studied his face for a moment. â€Å"You know people? I thought you were becoming a lawyer?† â€Å"I am a lawyer. I passed my bar. Who do you think draws the contracts up for the managers and the artists at my firm?† â€Å"I didn’t know you did that type of law.† She studied his face. â€Å"Are you staying in Boston?† She changed theRead MoreChapter 1 Essay2085 Words   |  9 Pagesfor Levi to finish up. Hows your day so far? I actually cant answer that because I just got up an hour ago. Hows your trip been? Its AMAZING. Since weve been here, Ive seen and done so much. Including Levi- Said ravenette could feel his cheeks burn and he sat down on the bed, snatching the phone away before any explicit details could be spilled. Carla didnt seem to mind though and had begun laughing at Erens confession. Okay, thats enough from you, baby. Hi, Carla. Hi, sweetie. 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Journal of International Political Economic - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Journal of International Political Economic. Answer: International trade means the process of exchange among different countries. This exchange will be of capital, services or goods. Each trading partner enjoys mutual gains when they specialise in a particular good or service. Moreover, for this particular good or service, the country faces either comparative advantage (Laursen, 2015). In other words, a country will produce that product in which it has less opportunity costs. Hence, a country enjoys comparative advantage when it can produce a particular good or service with a lower cost compare to other countries. This theory is developed by David Ricardo. According to him, a countrys welfare can be increased by applying this concept. Comparative advantage is a changing process. It means that comparative advantage can change over time (Levchenko Zhang, 2016). Hence, it is important for a country to find out various sources of comparative advantage. Firstly, comparative advantage basically depends upon the quality and quantity of chief production factors. Some countries have huge amount labour force and some countries have huge amount of capital investment. Secondly, the chief reasons behind this comparative advantage are geography and climate (Costinot, Donaldson Smith, 2016). Due to these differences, some countries enjoy low level of production costs compare to other countries. Thirdly, a country can enjoy comparative advantage if it has developed infrastructure facility. The government can invest huge amount of money to develop transportation and communication service. This will further decrease the trade cost and will increase supply capacity (Schilke, 2014). Information and communication technology helps a country to enjoy comparative advantage in international trade by developing information oriented sector. There are some other important sources which are needed to analyse. Exchange rate fluctuation influences the relative prices of imports and exports. Moreover, it can increase or decrease the total demand of a product from domestic and foreign customers. On the other hand, governmental controls on import can be used to generate artificial comparative advantage for domestic producers of a country (Beverelli, Fiorini Hoekman, 2017). Some tools that government use to control imports are tariffs, quotas and export subsidies and so on. Moreover, increasing returns to scale of a company helps to raise its demand for any commodity. Increasing return happens when output increase more than its proportional. This increasing demand in market helps trade to take place. Therefore, increasing returns help a company to become specialised and to enjoy comparative advantage. It should also be mentioned that banking institutions are very important for a country to achieve comparative advantage (Rappop ort, Schnabl Stern, 2014). Developed banking sector helps different companies by granting loans and by providing export credits. Moreover, a good governmental body also helps companies by providing legal facilities. Hence, good institutions of a country help to increase comparative advantage. Lastly, product design and reliability, innovation and quality increase the level of competition for a producer. There are various countries that are now making comparative advantage to make knowledge industries and specific knowledge sector with high quality. There are some other self-reinforcing sources which help a country to increase comparative advantage. Hence, by developing any one of the above sources or all sources, a country can enjoy more comparative advantage (Schilke, 2014). As comparative advantage of a country can change over time, it is called a dynamic process. In conclusion it can be said that a country can enjoy comparative advantage for various reasons. However, this comparative advantage may change over time. Hence, it is important for a country to improve all sources for which it has comparative advantage. References: Beverelli, C., Fiorini, M., Hoekman, B. (2017). Services trade policy and manufacturing productivity: The role of institutions.Journal of International Economics,104, 166-182. Costinot, A., Donaldson, D., Smith, C. (2016). Evolving comparative advantage and the impact of climate change in agricultural markets: Evidence from 1.7 million fields around the world.Journal of Political Economy,124(1), 205-248. Laursen, K. (2015). Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of international specialization.Eurasian Business Review,5(1), 99-115. Levchenko, A. A., Zhang, J. (2016). The evolution of comparative advantage: Measurement and welfare implications.Journal of Monetary Economics,78, 96-111. Rappoport, D. P. V., Schnabl, P., Stern, C. E. P. N. Y. U. (2014).Comparative advantage and specialization in bank lending. Discussion paper, London School of Economics and New York University. Schilke, O. (2014). On the contingent value of dynamic capabilities for competitive advantage: The nonlinear moderating effect of environmental dynamism.Strategic Management Journal,35(2), 179-203.

Managing Time Essay Example For Students

Managing Time Essay The ability to manage time may be the most valuable asset students can have. Without it, one can get so bogged down with sports, homework, and life that one accomplishes little. As a freshman one needs to get involved in the school and community through sports, clubs and volunteer work. This will make a well- rounded individual not only in high school or college, but also in life. Allocate time for sports, homework, friends, and community service carefully. It is important to realize that many things have to be accomplished simultaneously to make a person stand out. Here are some things that I have found to help me:#61656; Setting Objectives#61656; Setting Priorities#61656; Stretching your time and using it effectively#61656; Setting alarm a couple of minutes ahead#61656; Plan the night before#61656; Know what your going to do the next day and execute objectives #61656; Write things down on notepad #61656; Keep ones standards high;#61656; Establish deadlinesI use these skills everyda y and I feel that I am a well-rounded student. I am actively involved in sports. I play football in the winter, wrestling in the fall, and baseball in the spring. Also, I am enrolled in many AP classes that are ambiguous and have countless hours of homework and require TIME! Furthermore, Im involved in my community from working at bible schools to doing cancer runs. Not to mention the time I have to put in with family and friends. Motivation is an important aspect of time management. If one doesnt truly want to use their time better, one will find he/she trapped forever in old nonproductive patterns. Each individual must decide what personal payoffs he or she can expect to receive from school to achieve a higher education.

Effects of Apples Marketing Strategy on Customers Behaviour in Chinese Market

Introduction In a retrospect, Apple, Inc. is one of those companies that were destined to become the world leaders. Launched into the global market with its innovative concept of Apple III, a personal computer that turned out to be quite competitive in the environment dominated by IBM and Microsoft, the organisation has been increasingly successful ever since (Hagedoorn, Carayannis Alexander 2001).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Effects of Apple’s Marketing Strategy on Customers’ Behaviour in Chinese Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, with the creation of the global market, the company has faced a range of challenges, particularly, the need to promote its products with an account of the cultural specifics of the target population (Schiavenza 2013). Despite impressive differences between the Americana and the Chinese cultures, Apple managed to adjust its marketing campaign to the c ultural specifics of the above-mentioned market by putting a very strong emphasis on the significance of the technological advance (Minakhmetova Savchenko 2015). As a result, Apple may have spurred the creation of a new type of consumer behaviour in China and even launched an irreversible process of change in the Chinese society (Apple’s foray into China — and the mind of the new Chinese consumer 2013). Literature Review and Research Background Apple, Inc. has been known as the key innovator in the It market for a while (Chapman, Hoskinson Christian 2013) due to the integration of the so-called Quantum strategy into its design; specifically, the mixture of technological advances and efficacy in the company’s overall performance (Heracleous 2013) deserves to be mentioned. Entering into the global market, the company, however, had to bend its strategy so that Apple’s products could appeal to the target demographics; notably, the cultural specifics of the states, which Apple has chosen to expand in, have been identified carefully by the organisation. As a result, the entrance into the Chinese market planned previously by Apple was carried out rather smoothly with the introduction of the new consumer philosophy to the Chinese customers (Better days ahead; Apple in China 2013). The specified tendency can be explained by the fact that, as a worldwide brand, Apple, Inc. already has a very active community of customers and followers (Montgomerie Roscoe 2013), who, in their turn, have created a range of traditions and values related to the company and its vision (Apple plans Apple University in China, bringing Jobs’ vision to Asia 2013). Therefore, when rethinking the possible effects, which Apple, Inc. is going to have on the Chinese community after the adoption of the specified marketing approach, one must admit that opening the Chinese population to new opportunities in terms of education and the use of technology in their daily life can be deemed as a fairly positive change (Apple in China: big country, big company 2015).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After all, the fact that â€Å"Apple currently has 12 stores in China and corporate offices in Beijing, Hong Kong and Shanghai† (Apple plans Apple University in China, bringing Jobs’ vision to Asia 2014, par. 5) means that the company has a range of employment options for the local residents. In the light of the fact that the Chinese society is currently facing significant challenges in meeting the needs of farmers and workers and that a strong effort is required in order to steer the state economy and politics in the right direction, the creation of a new type of society members, which Apple along with other several companies contributes to, is clearly a big step in the right direction: â€Å"A new generation of workers, above al l rural migrant workers, is standing up to defend their dignity and rights† (Chan, Pun Selden 2013, p. 112). Seeing that â€Å"Apple and Foxconn now find themselves in a limelight that challenges their corporate images and symbolic capital, hence requiring at least lip service in support of progressive labour policy reforms† (Chan, Pun Selden 2013, p. 112), it can be assumed that the marketing strategy chosen by Apple is bound to affect not only the creation of an entirely new type of customers in the Chinese market but also reinvent the very concept of economic relationships within the specified environment. It should be noted, though, that the implications of the approach adopted by Apple can be viewed as a double-sided sword, as it may turn out to have rather drastic effects on the Chinese society. Though clearly providing the Chinese population with a range of benefits, including the opportunity for the Chinese people to enter the environment of international comm unication, Apple affects the very core of the Chinese consumer culture by shifting the emphasis in the set of cultural values from appreciation of time honoured traditions to the pursuit of the ephemeral fades. On a more practical level, the specified change makes Chinese consumers are likely to be driven away from some of the current issues in the Chinese economy with the introduction of a new fad (Fitzsimons, Chartrand Fitzsimons 2008). Specifically, the fact that the local afflicted landowners and workers will no longer have the support of the rest of the Chinese population with the new concept of wellbeing engulfing the local population: â€Å"The Chinese state is also seeking to raise domestic consumption and hence living standards, in part in major response to the struggle of aggrieved workers and farmers† (Chan, Pun Selden. 2013, p. 112). More importantly, some of the studies related to the ethics of the company and the approaches, which Apple used as the means of wi nning Chinese customers’ trust, reported about â€Å"a powerful indictment of Apple, supply chains, consumer fantasy about technology, and the ethics of consumption† (Litzinger 2013, p. 175). Therefore, the alterations, which the Apple Company’s strategy is going to have on the economic and social life of the Chinese population, are far from being stellar. Research Objectives The principal goal of the study, therefore, is to investigate the effects that the current strategy undertaken by the Apple, Inc. has on the consumer behaviour patterns in China. Specifically, the research will consider the effects, which the current marketing approach has on the Chinese people’s mindset and their concept of the social elite.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Effects of Apple’s Marketing Strategy on Customers’ Behaviour in Chinese Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other wo rds, the study is aimed at determining whether Apple’s concept of innovative products as the means of being singled out contributes to the creation of a new stratum of the Chinese society, i.e., the so-called technology related elite (Huang, Hu Zhang 2013).  Additionally, the study incorporates several key objectives. It is essential to identify the specifics of the marketing strategy that Apple, Inc. has adopted in China. Moreover, the characteristics of the Chinese consumers’ culture will have to be identified to locate the changes, which Apple’s strategy has triggered in the Chinese society. Finally, the key factors, which have contributed to the change, including both the internal (i.e., the intrinsic factors that are related directly to the mindset of Chinese people) and the external (i.e., the global market, Apple’s vision (Mission statement of Apple 2015), etc.) ones will have to be identified in order to retrieve the necessary information. The key research question is, therefore, whether the approach adopted by the Apple, Inc. may possibly spawn a societal change in China.  The negative effects, which the Apple strategy is going to have on the concept of a Chinese customer and the ethics thereof, however, are not restricted to the societal effects. Apart from the concern for the working class in China, the issue regarding environmental awareness rates among the Chinese people deserves to be mentioned (Apple announces new environmental initiatives in China 2015). It is feared that the concept of technological advances as the measure of a social status may have a rather negative impact on the Chinese environment: â€Å"Apple’s success in the Chinese mainland’s market is achieved at the expense of the local environment† (Jilong 2012, p. 45). By stressing the significance of innovative technology as an attribute of being rich and socially popular, Apple, inc. may make the target denizens of the Chinese population forget about the need to be environmentally friendly. Finally, the fact that Apple products have never enjoyed wide popularity in China to begin with deserves to be brought up (Reeve 2013). Seeing that the target market is dominated by Samsung, Apple will have to work especially hard in order to attract Chinese customers; therefore, it can be assumed that the tools to be used by the company are going to leave an especially persistent strategy. Therefore, the study is aimed at answering the following questions: What alterations has the Apple Company done to its marketing approach in order to promote its products to the Chinese population? What consumer behaviour is considered traditionally acceptable in China? In what way does the marketing strategy adopted by Apple alter the behavioural patterns of Chinese buyers? What effects will these changes have on the Chinese society in the nearest future? Methodologies and Methods Seeing that the relationships, which are going to be identified, are primarily qualitative, there is no obvious need to quantify the research outcomes (Gunter, Zhu Murphy 2011). Indeed, a closer look at the nature of the study will show that the key variables, i.e., the marketing strategy adopted by Apple, Inc. (the independent variable) and the changes in the consumer behaviour of the Chinese population (the dependent one) do not need to be quantified in order to define the link between them.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the qualitative research design is suggested as the basis for the study (Khan 2014). As far as the research method is concerned, it can be suggested that a combination of a general research and a phenomenology should be used as a primary design for carrying out the study. The choice of two methods simultaneously can be justified by the fact that the issue to be considered in the course of the study is twofold. On the one hand, the specifics of Apple’s marketing have to be considered; on the other hand, the analysis will have to be carried out in the context of the Chinese culture. Therefore, a thorough study of the phenomenon in question placed in the specified setting needs to be conducted (Wertz 2014). As far as the general research is concerned, the specified step is crucial for identifying the basic characteristics of Chinese consumers, as well as the Chinese culture in general (Sincovics Alfoldi 2012). By reviewing several major works on Chinese consumerism, as well as Chinese traditions in general, one will be capable of predicting the effects, which the Apple strategies are going to have on the target denizens of the population. In fact, the general research mentioned above is going to incorporate an overview of the information regarding the Apple strategies as well. Thus, a full overview of the conflict to be considered can be obtained. The data regarding Apple’s marketing strategy and the effects that it has on the Chinese consumers, therefore, will be collected with the help of an overview of the existing literature on the subject. Particularly, articles in peer-reviewed journals, which were released after 2011, will be considered as the key secondary source of information for the research. Moreover, the reports released by Apple, Inc. and the Chinese government, which reflect the alterations in the Chinese people’s consumer behaviour, will be studied thoroughly. In addition, observations of the customer behaviour cha nges among Chinese people will be conducted based on the reports published by the trustworthy sources. As a result, the latest alterations in the consumer behaviour patterns will be identified and included into the study, which will make the analysis richer and more objective (Onwuegbuzie, Leech Collins 2010). The analysis of the information retrieved in the course of the above-mentioned observations and the study of the related literature will be conducted with the help of the constant comparison analysis. Being one of by far the most widely used tools for understanding and interpreting qualitative data, the specified device will allow for a careful evaluation of every significant factor affecting buyers’ behaviour in China. The data required for the research will be sampled with the help of the tool known as snowball sampling (Heckathorn 2011). The method in question will help split the research into several key stages based on the severity of the factors that affect the k ey dependent variable (e.g., the customer’s behaviour). Consequently, the tool under consideration can be deemed as an adequate choice for the specified study design and research setting. In fact, the method of snowball sampling will be updated by using social networks, such as Facebook (Baltar Brunet 2012). Thus, the options for data retrieval will be increased greatly.  In addition to the above-mentioned research tools, interviews will be administered to the participants. The interviews will be aimed at determining the shift in values among the Chinese population after the introduction of Apple products into the target market; specifically, the issue regarding the change in people’s perception of their social status after the purchase of Apple products will be considered.  The interview will consist of ten open-ended questions. Although the information retrieved in the course of interviewing is likely to come in the form of an unstructured text, classifying the data based on a specific taxonomy will allow for identifying the key factors that affect the buyers’ behaviour. The questions included in the interview will help identify the recent trends in the Chinese society, the rates of enthusiasm regarding acquiring new gadgets among Chinese people, the attitude towards the people possessing the specified devices, etc. It is assumed that the tools listed above will help attain a high level of academic objectivity and contribute to the understanding of the effects that the marketing approach adopted by Apple, Inc. has on the Chinese population in terms of their customer behaviour. However, in order to gain a deep insight on the alterations in the above-mentioned behavioural patterns, the changes in question will have to be considered from the perspectives of both the social and economic specifics of China. The case in point is a graphic example of a clash of cultures (i.e., the American and the Chinese ones); therefore, it must be viewe d from the cultural perspective as well. By identifying the essential changes, which the Chinese people have to undergo under the pressure of Apple’s obtrusive marketing campaign, one will be able to locate a reasonable compromise for the company to make between the need to attract more customers and the necessity to prevent any possible harm to the Chinese society. Reference List Apple announces new environmental initiatives in China 2015, https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2015/05/11Apple-Announces-New-Environmental-Initiatives-in-China.html. Apple in China: big country, big company 2015, http://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/other/apple-in-china-big-country-big-company/ar-AA8GHuj. Apple plans Apple University in China, bringing Jobs’ vision to Asia 2013, http://9to5mac.com/2014/11/03/apple-plans-apple-university-in-china-bringing-jobs-vision-to-asia/. Apple’s foray into China — and the mind of the new Chinese consumer 2013, http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/ar ticle/apples-foray-into-china-and-the-mind-of-the-new-chinese-consumer-2/. Baltar, F Brunet, I 2012, ‘Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook,’ Internet research, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 57–74. Better days ahead; Apple in China. 2013, http://www.economist.com/news/business/21591229-tech-giant-can-rebound-its-recent-misfortunes-china-better-days-ahead. Chan, J, Pun, N Selden, M 2013, ‘The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s new working class,’ New Technology, Work and Employment, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 100–115. Chapman, R, Hoskinson, R E Christian, G 2013, Apple Inc.: Keeping the â€Å"I† in innovation, http://www.cengagebrain.com.mx/content/9781133516491.pdf. Fitzsimons, G M, Chartrand, T L Fitzsimons, G J 2008, ‘Automatic effects of brand exposure on motivated behaviour: how Apple makes you â€Å"think different.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Source: Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 21–35. Gunter, L, Zhu, J Murphy, S A 2011, ‘Variable selection for qualitative interactions,’ Statistical Methodology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 42–55. Hagedoorn, J, Carayannis, E Alexander, J 2001, ‘Strange bedfellows in the personal computer industry: Technology alliances between IBM and Apple,’ Research Policy, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 837–849. Heckathorn, D D 2011, ‘Comment: snowball versus respondent-driven sampling,’ Sociological Methodology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 355–365. Heracleous, L 2013, ‘Quantum Strategy at Apple Inc.,’ Organisational Dynamics, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 92–99. Huang, C, Hu, L Zhang, X 2013, Consumer experience analysis, http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:624813/FULLTEXT01.pdf. Jilong, W 2012, ‘Multinationals’ environmental colonialism: A case study of Apple Inc. and China’s countermeasures,’ China Economist, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 44–54. Khan, S N 2014, ‘Qualitative research method – phenomenology,’ Asian Social Science, vol. 10, no. 21, pp. 298–310. Litzinger, R 2013, ‘Labor in China: A new politics of struggle,’ The South Atlantic Quarterly, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 172–178. Minakhmetova, A Savchenko, D 2015, Mobile marketing strategy development in China, Japan and South Korea, http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:822708/FULLTEXT01.pdf. Mission statement of Apple. 2015, http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/mission-statements/apple-mission-statement.html. Montgomerie, J Roscoe, S 2013, ‘Owning the consumer – getting to the core of the Apple business model,’ Accounting Forum, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 290–299. Onwuegbuzie, L J, Leech, A L Collins, K M T 2010, ‘Innovative data collection strategies in qualitative research,’ The Qualitative Report, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 696–726. Reeve, N 2013, RCM demotes Apple, http://ww w.ftadviser.com/2013/02/15/investments/investment-trusts/rcm-demotes-apple-e6IacpYBNnVhxAkrazz1kM/article.html. Schiavenza, M 2013, ‘The logic behind Apple’s strategy in China,’ The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/09/the-logic-behind-apples-strategy-in-china/279569/. Sincovics, R R Alfoldi, E A 2012, ‘Progressive focusing and trustworthiness in qualitative research,’ Management International Review, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 817–845. Wertz, F J 2014, ‘Phenomenology,’ Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 93–101. This proposal on Effects of Apple’s Marketing Strategy on Customers’ Behaviour in Chinese Market was written and submitted by user Quinn I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Sample For Class

Essay Sample For ClassWhen it comes to writing an essay, the best answer is probably the essay sample for class. An essay should be about your ideas, no matter how odd you make them seem. As a creative writer, you may want to write different samples for different subjects.Before you begin writing an essay, it's best to do some thinking. You should ask yourself if you have learned anything from this subject. Sometimes one of the best answers is 'No' because you are doing something completely different than you were taught in class. This is a great way to get a fresh perspective on the subject. When you think about your previous ideas, maybe you will begin to understand where you went wrong.After you have thought about your previous thoughts, you should then write your essay. Be sure to do research on the essay topic. Study the sources and materials that are related to the topic. For example, if you're writing about a subject in which you have done writing for or even consulted a tutor , then you will want to do some research on the topic and possibly go to a tutoring class. Go to a website that will give you information on tutors and reading materials.Another reason to study your sources is that you may want to find a topic that is not as easy to write about as others may be. With every subject, there are usually only a few ways to do it. This is why there are usually only a handful of essays that are written on the topic each year.As you read through the essay, note down what the thesis statement is. This is the core idea that is the foundation for the rest of the essay. The thesis statement will serve as the foundation and summary of the rest of the essay.Once you have completed your thesis statement, add your background information. This will help you come up with ideas that you may have never thought of before. The background information that you provide should be based on your personal experiences or life events.The next step is to create your essay. Always start out by writing about yourself and then write about the topic. The rest of the essay can be about the topic. Write a dozen different samples before you get to the main subject of the essay.

buy custom Americas Influence on Japans Constitution of 1947 essay

buy custom America's Influence on Japan's Constitution of 1947 essay The constitution of Japan was propagated on 3rd Nov, in the year 1946 and put into effect on 3rd May in the year 1997. Both American Constitution and the Government had a significant influence on the enactment process of the Post War Constitution. It is frequently known as the Mac Arthur Constitution, since it was drafted by the staff of General Mac Arthur the Supreme Commander for allied power (SCAP) and both the Japanese people and the Japanese Government had limited amount of input to it. Therefore, this paper will discuss the influence of the United States on Japans Constitution. At the end World War II, allied powers such as the United States with other assistances from countries such as India, Australia, and New Zealand occupied Japan (Hook, Glenn, and Gavan, 2003). Political Influence There are many pressures on the new Post-War Constitution, for analytical principles, they can be divided into two types of pressure. The first one is a more deliberate political pressure, while the other one is a subtle indirect pressure. The political pressures originated from SCAP and its staffs, whereas the legal pressures rooted from the text plus fundamental ideas of the American Constitution. One of the political pressures is noticeably manifested in the latest status of the monarch and rules of the United States Government same as of Gen. MacArthur to protect the ruler as the head of state, so as to perform a stable and efficient occupation reforms in order for Japan to be a democratic state. MacArthur decided to clear Emperor Hirohito and at the beginning of year 1945, MacArthur had stated that the emperors abdication is not necessary. He cleared Hirohito and disregarded the advice of several members of the royal family plus the Japanese intellectual who openly requested for the resignation of the ruler and the execution of regency. For instance, Prince Mikasa the youngest Hirohitos brother stood up in the year 1946 and contended his brother to be accountable for the conquer and still the well known poet by the name Tatsuji Miyoshi wrote an article in Shicho magazine with the title as emperor should abdicate quickly. Decision of MacArthur to protect the monarch system was powerfully supported after meeting with the monarch in the year 1945, for the first time and he was intensely enlightened by the emperors genuine attitude (Hook et al, 2003). During that time, the emperor appeared at the top of the war criminal list planned by the Britain and Soviet Union. MacArthur was terrified by the fact that if the ruler were put to death, it might become necessary to own military rule with the likelihood of rebellions happening within Japan. Then, he considered that the ruler shoud be taken care of and anticipated that the ruler would implore and not to be accus ed as being against the law as various leaders of conquered countries would have done. Surrender of Japan Initially, Japan gave into the allies on 14th August in the year 1945, when the Japanese government informed the allied that it had admitted the Post-dam declaration. The Emperor Hirohito proclaimed the unconditional surrender of Japan in the following day on the radio. This declaration was the first radio broadcast made by the emperor and became the first time the Japans citizens heard their independents voice and this date is called Victory for Japan. This also indicated the end of WWII and the start of a lengthy path to revival for a smashed Japan (Hook et al, 2003). On Victory over Japan day, Gen. Douglas MacArthur was appointed as a supreme commander for allied powers (SCAP) by Harry Truman the president of the United States to manage the Japans occupation. During the period of war, these allied powers arranged to divide Japan among themselves for reasons of occupation, as was done for the occupation of Germany. There is no clear reason why occupation plan was altered but common theories add the raised power of the U.N following expansion of the atomic bomb, and the greater distrust by the United States President of the Soviet Union when compared with Roosevelt, plus high desire to hold Soviet Union in the Far East after the Yalta Conference. Outcomes of Occupation Disarmament The Post-War Constitution of Japan adopted under allied management incorporated a peace clause article 9, which gave up war and barred Japan from sustaining any armed forces. This aimed to stop the country from turning into a violent military power once more. Nevertheless, for a decade, American was demanding Japan to reorganize the Japans army as a barricade against collectivism in Asia after the Korean and Chinese Civil War and Japan set up a Self Defense Forces. Conventionally, spending of Japans military has been limited to around one percent of its Gross Net Profit, although this is a well-liked practice, not law and has changed down and up from the country figures (Higuchi and Yoichi, 2008). Currently, past prime minister and other politicians have attempted to modify the clause, even though the intention of the American occupation was to demilitarize the Japanese because of the succeeding Asian peril of collectivism. According to the American argument, the Japanese military wa s gradually resorted to substantial strenngth, and currently, the Japan has the 6th biggest military budget in the world. Liberalization The occupation wasnt a straightforward trial in a democracy; it is frequently depicted to be with a strengthening of the cold war supreme commander allied powers reined in its reforms initiatives. In the year 1947, the United States main concerns moved audibly from open-minded social change into economic revival and internal political constancy. Democratization demilitarization lost impetus and then appeared to stall, economic de-concentration, for instance, it was left unfinished as GHQ replied to the latest imperatives. American systems motivated business practices plus industrial rules, which have since turn to sources of disputation between Japan and its focal trade partners, markedly the U.S. In the occupation, SCAP/GHQ effectively put an end to several of the financial alliances called Zaibatsu that had before monopolized firm. Together with later American alteration of heart, nevertheless, these economic changes were also held back by the powerful and wealthy Japanese who clea rly stood to mislay a vast deal. Consequently, there were those who opposed any kind of efforts at changes proclaiming that the Zaibatsu were needed for Japan to finish globally and looser industrial federations called Keirestu developed (Higuchi and Yoichi, 2008). A key land reform was carried out, guided by Wolf Ladejinsky of Gen. Douglas MacArthurs SCAP staffs. Between year 1947 and 1949, about 5,800,000 hectares of land were bought from the landowners under reform program of the government and resold at tremendously low costs to the cultivators who worked them, and by the year 1957, 3 million peasants had obtained land dismantling authority structures that the landowner had long conquered. Conclusion The constitution of Japan is currently more than 60 years old and it has been modified more than once. The American constitution is more than 200 years old and it has been modified 27 times. Therefore, views and evaluations of the Japanese constitution at the age of 60 are tremendously differed and some individuals would states that it has turn into simply a nominal document, some deprecate its erosion, whereas others declare that the constitution is out of touch with actuality and should be modified. Nevertheless, it could be incorrect to propose that the constitution of Japan is insignificant, since by doing so, one may be misconstruing post-war history the fact is that the constitution has endured cruel critics both at home and overseas for more than 60 years and turn out to be a foundation of constitutionalism in Japanese society. Buy custom America's Influence on Japan's Constitution of 1947 essay

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The phone with the verision - Essay Example Consider an iPhone purchase either through a two year contract and Verizon Edge. Purchasing through the agreement will cost an individual an upfront payment of $2325.90 while Verizon will take a 20 months installment of $110.65 giving the full payment for the device as $2213.78. The two-year agreement will however take an entire period of 24 months that is higher than that of the edge program making the agreement’s total monthly cost to be lower as compared to that of Verizon. Buying S5 using an agreement will cost an individual $2371 which is higher than $2159 charged for the Verizon Edge. The monthly charges however reverse with that of Verizon being higher since the deal takes a longer period of 24 months as compared to that of Verizon, which takes 20 months. It is, therefore, evident that in the long run a Verizon Edge program saves much money as compared to a typical agreement and also makes upgrading easy. It is, therefore, recommended for individuals to register for this program and take advantage of this new

Brent Crude Oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brent Crude Oil - Essay Example There exist specific factors that cause this sharp decline in the oil price (Menton, 2015). The strength of the American dollar is a key driver for the steady decline of the oil prices. The current global market has been under tremendous competition with the United States dollar being a key determinant of majority of the things. With the strong US dollar, the average price and value of majority of the commodities fall. This has greatly affected crude oil, whose price has been constantly declining. With global prices of commodities quoted in reference to the dollar, the prices trend lower in the economic times where the dollar is strong (Menton, 2015). The U.S currency surge experienced in the second quarter of 2014 saw a culminated decline in major leading product and commodity indices. negative impact Of OPEC Oil output in the US due to oil prices registering low price sales by the end of the year would be another contributing factor. The marginal oil barrel output derived from unconventional sources like shale would be highly affected by the existing low global prices of crude oil. Drilling of oil wells has been on a steady decline based on the high costs incurred and the constant low prices registered in the global market making the industry unprofitable (Menton, 2015). There is a global oversupply of crude oil. The supply has exceeded the demand of the product with its 2015 oil production speculated at 9.35 M barrels per day. It also goes into history that the existing oil reserves and repositories increased to the highest numbers ever registered since 80 years ago. The commercial inventories of crude oil in the United States rose by a margin of 4.5M barrels compared to the registered levels of the previous week (Menton, 2015). The figures make it the highest level of crude oil inventories registered in the year 2015. The existing nuclear deal with Iran is viewed as a major element that soils the oil prices further down in the United

Qualitative research Essay Example for Free

Qualitative research Essay PREPARING A CASE STUDY: A Guide for Designing and Conducting a Case Study for Evaluation Input By Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate May 2006 P AT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L T O O L S E R I E S Monitoring and Evaluation – 1 PREPARING A CASE STUDY: A Guide for Designing and Conducting a Case Study for Evaluation Input By Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate. May 2006 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following Pathfinder employees and partners for their technical inputs into this document: Emmanuel Boadi (Pathfinder/Ghana), Anne Palmer (Futures Group International), Ugo Daniels (African Youth Alliance (AYA)), Veronique Dupont (Pathfinder/Extending Service Delivery (ESD)), Cathy Solter, Lauren Dunnington, and Shannon Pryor (Pathfinder headquarters). Jenny Wilder and Mary Burket are also thanked for their inputs and assistance in editing and producing this document. 2 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY. What is a Case Study? A case study is a story about something unique, special, or interesting—stories can be about individuals, organizations, processes, programs, neighborhoods, institutions, and even events. 1 The case study gives the story behind the result by capturing what happened to bring it about, and can be a good opportunity to highlight a project’s success, or to bring attention to a particular challenge or difficulty in a project. Cases2 might be selected because they are highly effective, not effective, representative, typical, or of special interest. A few examples of case study topics are provided below—the case studies would describe what happened when, to whom, and with what consequences in each case. Case Study Examples Shifting Attitudes of Youth-Serving Service Providers Uniqueness/Point of Interest Your program was able to change service providers’ attitudes towards dealing with Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) needs in an environment where provider’s attitudes have been a barrier to young people accessing SRH services. Your program was effective in introducing YFS to the MOH and in institutionalizing an YFS curriculum in a setting where the MOH did not provide YFS. Your program was able to integrate HIV prevention in several FBO service delivery points in an environment that normally does not include or welcome HIV prevention activities. Your program built the leadership capacity of youth to advocate, promote, and participate in decision making around ASRH. This transpired in a setting that did not include ASRH on the agenda nor encourage youth participation in general or in decision making in particular. Integrating Youth-Friendly Services (YFS) in the Ministry of Health (MOH) Integrating HIV Prevention in Faith-Based Organization (FBO) Health Services Delivery. Developing Youth Leadership in Tanzania 1 2 Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oakds: Sage Publications. Case refers to the unit of analysis or topic chosen for study (i. e. , the individual, organization, or program). PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY 3 When is a Case Study Appropriate? Case studies are appropriate when there is a unique or interesting story to be told. Case studies are often used to provide context to other data (such as outcome data), offering a more complete picture of what happened in the program and why. What are the Advantages and Limitations of a Case Study? The primary advantage of a case study is that it provides much more detailed information than what is available through other methods, such as surveys. Case studies also allow one to present data collected from multiple methods (i. e. , surveys, interviews, document review, and observation) to provide the complete story. There are a few limitations and pitfalls however, each of which is described below. Can be lengthy: Because they provide detailed information about the case in narrative form, it may be difficult to hold a reader’s interest if too lengthy. In writing the case study, care should be taken to provide the rich information in a digestible manner. Concern that case studies lack rigor: Case studies have been viewed in the evaluation and research fields as less rigorous than surveys or other methods. Reasons for this include the fact that qualitative research in general is still considered unscientific by some and in many cases, case study researchers have not been systematic in their data collection or have allowed bias in their findings. In conducting and writing case studies, all involved should use care in being systematic in their data collection and take steps to ensure validity3 and reliability4 in the study. Not generalizable: A common complaint about case studies is that it is difficult to generalize from one case to another. But case studies have also been prone to overgeneralization, which comes from selecting a few examples and assuming without evidence that they are typical or representative of the population. Yin, a prominent researcher, advises case study analysts to generalize findings to theories, as a scientist generalizes from experimental results to theories. 5 3 4 Validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure. Reliability is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure yields the same result on repeated trials. 5 Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 4 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY. What is the Process for Conducting a Case Study? The process for conducting case study research follows the same general process as is followed for other research: plan, collect data, analyze data, and disseminate findings. More detailed steps are given below. 1. Plan †¢ Identify stakeholders who will be involved. †¢ Brainstorm a case study topic, considering types of cases and why they are unique or of interest. †¢ Identify what information is needed and from whom (see â€Å"What are Potential Sources of Information? † and â€Å"What are the Elements of a Case Study? †). †¢ Identify any documents needed for review. †¢ List stakeholders to be interviewed or surveyed (national, facility, and beneficiary levels) and determine sample if necessary. †¢ Ensure research will follow international and national ethical research standards, including review by ethical research committees. For more information, please see the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, available at http://www. cioms. ch/frame_guidelines_nov_2002. htm. 2. Develop Instruments †¢ Develop interview/survey protocols—the rules that guide the administration and implementation of the interview/survey. Put simply, these are the instructions that are followed to ensure consistency across interviews/surveys, and thus increase the reliability of the findings. The following instructions for the should be included in the protocol: †¢ What to say to interviewees when setting up the interview/survey; †¢ What to say to interviewees when beginning the interview/survey, including ensuring informed consent of the respondent (see Appendix 1 for an example); †¢ What to say to respondent in concluding the interview; †¢ What to do during the interview (Example: Take notes? Audiotape? Both?); and †¢ What to do following the interview (Example: Fill in notes? Check audiotape for clarity? Summarize key information for each? Submit written findings? ). †¢ Develop an interview guide/survey that lists the questions or issues to be explored and includes an informed consent form. Please note that you will likely need interview guides/surveys for each group of stakeholders, as questions may differ. †¢ Where necessary, translate guides into local languages and test translation. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY 5 3. Train Data Collectors †¢ Identify and train data collectors (if necessary). (See â€Å"Training Tips for Data Collectors†6. ) Where necessary, use interviewers that speak the local language. Training Tips for Data Collectors Staff, youth program participants, or professional interviewers may be involved in data collection. Regardless of what experience data collectors have, training should include: †¢ An introduction to the evaluation objectives, †¢ A review of data collection techniques, †¢ A thorough review of the data collection items and instruments, †¢ Practice in the use of the instruments, †¢ Skill-building exercises on interviewing and interpersonal communication, and †¢ Discussion of ethical issues. 4. Collect Data †¢ Gather all relevant documents. †¢ Set up interviews/surveys with stakeholders (be sure to explain the purpose, why the stakeholder has been chosen, and the expected duration). †¢ Seek informed consent of each respondent (written or documented oral). Re-explain purpose of interview, why the stakeholder has been chosen, expected duration of, whether and how the information will be kept confidential, and the use of a note taker/tape recorder. †¢ If the respondent has consented, conduct the interview/survey. 5. Analyze Data †¢ Review all relevant documents. †¢ Review all interview/survey data. 6. Disseminate Findings †¢ Write report (see â€Å"What are the Elements of a Case Study? †). †¢ Solicit feedback. †¢ Revise †¢ Disseminate 6 Adamchak, S. , et. al. (2000). A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating Adolescent Reproductive Health Programs. Available at http://www. pathfind. org/site/PageServer? pagename=Publications_FOCUS_Guides_and_Tools. 6 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY What are Potential Sources of Information? Case studies typically rely on multiple sources of information and methods to provide as complete a picture as possible. Information sources could include: †¢ Project documents (including meeting minutes) †¢ Project reports, including quarterly reports, midterm reviews †¢ Monitoring visits †¢ Mystery client reports †¢ Facility assessment reports †¢ Interviews †¢ Questionnaire/survey results †¢ Evaluation reports †¢ Observation †¢ Other What are the Elements of a Case Study? Case studies do not have set elements that need to be included; the elements of each will vary depending on the case or story chosen, the data collected, and the purpose (for example, to illustrate a best case versus a typical case). However, case studies typically describe a program or intervention put in place to address a particular problem. Therefore, we provide the following elements and example on which you might draw: 1. The Problem i. Identify the problem ii. Explain why the problem is important iii. How was the problem identified? iv. Was the process for identifying the problem effective? 2. Steps taken to address the problem 3. Results 4. Challenges and how they were met 5. Beyond Results 6. Lessons Learned. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY 7 1. The Problem: It is essential to identify what the problem was. Specifically: i. Identify the problem. For example, certain FBO leadership was opposed to including HIV prevention activities within their programming. Specifically, they felt that prevention activities would promote sex among youth and thereby increase the incidence of HIV. In addition, the FBO felt that the promotion of condoms as a form of prevention was morally wrong. ii. Explain why the problem is important. Following the same example, to provide a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS, prevention activities are an important part of HIV programming, in addition to care and support. Addressing moral and religious concerns and objections of FBO leaders in order to incorporate this component greatly expands the prevention effort and offers a greater breadth and depth in HIV programming. iii. How was the problem identified? It is likely that program staff will have an idea of what general problems exist. For example, YFS is not integrated in the MOH, FBOs do not include prevention activities, youth involvement does not occur, etc. What was likely missing and required exploration were the details around this general problem. In the case of working with FBOs, an initial project planning meeting was held to discuss the specifics behind the problem. It was revealed during this process that certain FBOs who conducted care and support activities did not offer prevention activities, specifically condom promotion. The primary reason given was religious objections; another reason identified but not explicitly stated was stigma. iv. Was the process for identifying the problem effective? After additional one-on-one discussions with FBO leaders, it was determined that the leaders had concerns based on moral and religious grounds regarding prevention efforts, particularly promoting condoms. Furthermore, discussions revealed that a number of leaders had limited and/or erroneous information regarding transmission and prevention options. 8 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY 2. Steps Undertaken to Address the Problem: What was done (activities/ interventions/ inputs), where, by whom, for whom? In the case of integrating prevention in FBOs, an illustrative outline of steps undertaken to address the problem is given below: What was done? Phase 1: Sensitization Sensitization of leadership: activities included reviewing FBO policies and bylaws by program staff in order to demonstrate to leadership that there were no constitutional objections to prevention activities. Project staff engaged liberal FBO leaders to supply quotes from the Bible to build their evidence-based argument to convince other leaders that there was in fact no biblical basis for the preclusion of prevention activities. Sensitization of facility managers: meet with managers to discuss leadership approval and present evidence-based arguments on why integration activities can be included. Sensitization of community: work with groups to explain that these activities have been approved by the FBO leadership and where they can go to receive services. Phase 2: Integration Facility assessments Selected facilities Project Staff, FBO representatives Local Implementing Partners (IPs) Project Staff, Facility Managers Contractor FBOs, Project Staff Facility Staff District/ National Project Staff FBO leaders Where? By Whom? For Whom? Facilities Project Staff Facility Managers Community catchment areas Project Staff Community members Training of service providers Selected facilities Conduct staff orientations Facilities Facility Staff Physical infrastructure improved Phase 3: Outreach Identify peers that you want to work with Training Provide Tools Supervision Phase 4: ME Reassessments Facilities Facility Selected facilities Facilities Facility Staff IPs Project Peer supervisors Beneficiaries Peers Peers Peers Sample of selected facilities Project Staff, Facility Management, Youth Trained mystery clients Project Staff, Peer Supervisors. Facility, Project Staff Mystery client interviews Monitoring visits Facilities Facilities, Peers Facility staff, Project Staff PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY 9 3. Results: What were the results of your intervention, particularly the significant or unique results? For example: your activities resulted in the FBO including HIV prevention activities in their programming, which contributed to an increase in condom distribution. Or, your activities resulted in youth-serving service providers adopting a youth-friendly attitude which contributed to improved services and an increase in youth visits. Church leadership may have made a commitment and modified policies to include ASRH activities, leadership talking about the issues publicly. Facility managers may make financial commitments to refurbishments, training, etc. 4. Challenges and how they were met: This focuses on what challenges or difficulties you encountered and what you did to overcome them. One of the challenges in working with FBOs may have been dealing with Catholic FBOs and your response could have been to negotiate with them to include certain prevention activities like abstinence, and/or providing a referral point to youth who may want to get information about condoms. Another possible challenge is that not all FBOs who you had hoped to work with were willing to come on board and this required additional attention. 5. Beyond Results: Are the results mentioned above sustainable? Why or why not? For example, an integrated approach to programming (which included a strong policy and advocacy component) created an enabling policy environment with strong stakeholder support that can be nurtured and leveraged beyond the project duration. 6. Lessons Learned: What lessons were learned: programmatic, technical, financial, process, etc.? For example, the experience showed that it was imperative for project staff to have a very solid understanding of government policies to speak to these issues with key stakeholders. In addition, it was important to have a good understanding of the various religious beliefs in addition to their respective policies and by-laws for developing and delivering advocacy arguments. How are Case Studies Presented? Case studies are flexible in that they can be presented in a number of ways—there is no specific format to follow. However, like all evaluation results, justification and methodology of the study should be provided, as well as any supporting information (i. e. , copies of instruments and guides used in the study). Case studies may stand alone or be included in a larger evaluation report. If presented as a stand-alone report, the following report outline is suggested: 1. Introduction and Justification 2. Methodology a. How was the process carried out? (Describe the process of selecting the case and data collection sources, as well as how data was collected. ) b. What assumptions are there (if any)? 10 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. c. Are there any limitations with this method? d. What instruments were used to collect data? (You may want to include some or all in the appendix. ) e. What sample(s) is/are being used? f. Over which period of time was this data collected? The Problem The Steps Taken to Address the Problem The Results The Challenges and How They were Met Beyond Results Lessons Learned Conclusion Appendices Where Can More Information on Case Studies be Found? Information on Case Study Research Adamchak, S. , et. al. (2000). A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating Adolescent Reproductive Health Programs. Available at http://www. pathfind. org/pf/pubs/focus/guidesandtools/PDF/Part%20II. pdf. Patton, Michael Q. (2002). Qualitative Research Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Stake, Robert E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. United States General Accounting Office, Program Evaluation and Methodology Division. (1987). Case Study Evaluations. Available at http://161. 203. 16. 4/t2pbat22/132683. pdf. Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. London: Sage Publications. Examples of Case Studies Cornwall, A. and Welbourn, A. (2002). Realizing Rights: Transforming Approaches to Sexual and Reproductive Well-Being. London: Zed Books. Population Council. Quality/Calidad/Qualite series. Available at http://www. popcouncil. org/publications/qcq/default. htm. SRI International. (2001). The Organization of Learning in Community Technology Centers: Learning with Technology in Six Communities. Available at http://www. americaconnects. net/research/SRI_case_study_report. pdf. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: WRITING A CASE STUDY 11 Appendix 1: Sample Informed Consent Form Key Components: †¢ Thank you †¢ Your name †¢ Purpose †¢ Confidentiality †¢ Duration †¢ How interview will be conducted †¢ Opportunity for questions †¢ Signature of consent I want to thank you for taking the time to meet with me today. My name is ________________________ and I would like to talk to you about your experiences participating in the African Youth Alliance (AYA) project. Specifically, as one of the components of our overall program evaluation we are assessing program effectiveness in order to capture lessons that can be used in future interventions. The interview should take less than an hour. I will be taping the session because I don’t want to miss any of your comments. Although I will be taking some notes during the session, I can’t possibly write fast enough to get it all down. Because we’re on tape, please be sure to speak up so that we don’t miss your comments. All responses will be kept confidential. This means that your interview responses will only be shared with research team members and we will ensure that any information we include in our report does not identify you as the respondent. Remember, you don’t have to talk about anything you don’t want to and you may end the interview at any time. Are there any questions about what I have just explained? Are you willing to participate in this interview? __________________ Interviewee __________________ Witness __________ Date ______________________________________ Legal guardian (if interviewee is under 18) 12 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT FORM Pathfinder International 9 Galen Street, Suite 217 Watertown, MA 02472 USA Tel: 617-924-7200 Email: [emailprotected] org 05/06/500.